Infrastructure3 min read

Read a server specification: CPU, memory, storage and network

A hosting card compresses several different limits into a few lines. Reading each number in context helps you avoid buying the wrong resource or treating a network headline as the throughput reserved for one server.

The practical takeaway

Size the constrained resource, distinguish virtual allocation from physical hardware, and read the plan’s own network figures separately from the wider infrastructure.

CPU describes a resource, not a workload guarantee

A vCPU is a virtual processing resource presented to a guest operating system. It is not the same statement as an exclusive physical core. HM Bastion cloud ranges use KVM; dedicated-server configurations instead list the physical processor model, cores and threads of a single-tenant machine.

More cores help only when work can run in parallel or several tasks need CPU at the same time. One slow request may be limited by a single thread, a database query or a remote dependency. Keep request duration and CPU utilisation together when diagnosing performance. A high core count alone does not predict game-server tick rate or build time.

Watchtower Cloud 01 lists two vCPUs and 4 GB of RAM. Vanguard Cloud 01 lists one vCPU and 2 GB of RAM on its AMD EPYC range. These examples show different resource balances; they are not a benchmark comparing the two machines for every application.

Memory needs include the whole working set

Add the operating system, application processes, database buffers and background jobs when estimating RAM. A service that fits when idle may fail under simultaneous requests or a scheduled import. Watch normal peaks and leave useful headroom instead of allocating every available byte to a single process.

ECC memory is part of the published platform description, but it does not make application data immune to mistakes. Access controls, correct software and recovery copies still matter. When a service slows down, inspect whether it is using swap, waiting on storage or reaching an application-specific limit before assuming that a CPU upgrade is the answer.

Storage capacity and storage resilience answer different questions

Cloud specifications list enterprise NVMe storage with Ceph replication, while dedicated configurations describe local SSD layouts. NVMe identifies a storage interface and the catalogue gives an allocated capacity; neither number is a promise of a particular application transaction rate.

Replication can help a storage system tolerate hardware faults. It also carries current data changes, including an unwanted deletion. A snapshot is useful for some rollback tasks, while an independent backup gives a separate recovery copy. Plan all three roles deliberately instead of using the words interchangeably.

Cloud storage can be extended in 15 GB blocks during configuration, with up to forty additional blocks on a new order. Check the full-period charge and the permanence of an attached storage addition before selecting it. Reserve capacity for logs, updates and recovery operations as well as the application’s current files.

Separate the three network figures

FigureWhat it describesHow to use it
1 Tbit/s aggregateCapacity across the infrastructureContext for the wider network, not a per-server allocation
Plan port speedThe connection listed for a configurationA limit to read alongside traffic and included bandwidth
Included bandwidthThe bandwidth included with a serviceThe relevant figure when planning sustained delivery

Citadel Metal distinguishes a 10 Gbit/s physical port from 1 Gbit/s included bandwidth. Signal Metal lists 10 Gbit/s unmetered connectivity. Cloud plans have their own port figures and fair-use traffic terms. Do not carry the highest number from one range into the expectations for another.

  • Find the application bottleneck with measurements taken during real load.
  • Compare the exact CPU, RAM, disk and network allocation of shortlisted plans.
  • Include storage growth, backup activity and concurrent jobs in the estimate.
  • Check the selected region, billing period and options before ordering.

Sources and further reading